Fiber cement siding typically lasts 30–50 years, and high-quality products can last 50 years or morewith proper installation and maintenance.
Key factors include:
• Climate: Moisture, extreme heat, and freeze-thaw cycles can affect lifespan.
• Installation: Proper flashing, drainage, and clearances are critical.

• Maintenance: Repainting is generally needed about every 10–15 years, depending on the finish and manufacturer.
• Quality: Thicker, well-manufactured boards tend to perform better over time.
For comparison, fiber cement generally lasts longer than vinyl siding (20–40 years) and can approach the lifespan of some wood siding, while requiring less maintenance than wood.
If you're considering it for a house, I can also compare fiber cement vs. stucco vs. vinyl vs. engineered wood siding in terms of lifespan, cost, and maintenance.